Secondary Mathematics I
Educational Links

Strand: GEOMETRY - Congruence (G.CO)

Experiment with transformations in the plane. Build on student experience with rigid motions from earlier grades (Standards G.CO.1-5). Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions. Rigid motions are at the foundation of the definition of congruence. Reason from the basic properties of rigid motions (that they preserve distance and angle), which are assumed without proof. Rigid motions and their assumed properties can be used to establish the usual triangle congruence criteria, which can then be used to prove other theorems (Standards G.CO.6-8). Make geometric constructions (Standards G.CO.12-13).

Standard G.CO.12

Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Emphasize the ability to formalize and defend how these constructions result in the desired objects. For example, copying a segment; copying an angle; bisecting a segment; bisecting an angle; constructing perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment; and constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line.

• Angle bisection and midpoints of line segments
  This task provides a construction of the angle bisector of an angle by reducing it to the bisection of an angle to finding the midpoint of a line segment.
• Bisecting an angle
  This task provides the most famous construction to bisect a given angle.
• Construction of perpendicular bisector
  The construction of the perpendicular bisector of a line segment is one of the most common in plane geometry and it is undertaken here.
• Evaluating Conditions for Congruency
  This lesson unit is intended to help educators assess how well students are able to work with concepts of congruency and similarity, including identifying corresponding sides and corresponding angles within and between triangles. They will also identify and understand the significance of a counter-example, and prove and evaluate proofs in a geometric context.
• GEOMETRY - Congruence (G.CO) - Sec Math I Core Guide
  The Utah State Board of Education (USBE) and educators around the state of Utah developed these guides for the Secondary Mathematics I - Congruence (G.CO).
• Geometry Construction Reference
  Thirteen straightedge and compass constructions are described and illustrated. The original version, in Word format, can be downloaded and distributed.
• Inscribing a hexagon in a circle
  This task is primarily for instructive purposes but can be used for assessment as well. Parts (a) and (b) are good applications of geometric constructions using a compass and could be used for assessment purposes but the process is a bit long since there are six triangles which need to be constructed.
• Inscribing a square in a circle
  This task provides an opportunity for students to apply triangle congruence theorems in an explicit, interesting context.
• Inscribing an equilateral triangle in a circle
  This task implements many important ideas from geometry including trigonometric ratios, important facts about triangles, and reflections. As a result, it is recommended that this task be undertaken relatively late in the geometry curriculum.
• Inscribing and Circumscribing Right Triangles
  This lesson unit is intended to help educators assess how well students are able to use geometric properties to solve problems.
• Introduction to Constructions
  Introduction to Euclidean Construction - tools and rules.
• Introduction to the Materials (Math 1)
  Introduction to the Materials in the Mathematics One of the The MVP classroom experience begins by confronting students with an engaging task and then invites them to grapple with solving it. As students ideas emerge, take form, and are shared, the teacher orchestrates the student discussions and explorations towards a focused mathematical goal. As conjectures are made and explored, they evolve into mathematical concepts that the community of learners begins to embrace as effective strategies for analyzing and solving problems.
• Locating Warehouse
  This task can be implemented in a variety of ways. For a class with previous exposure to the incenter or angle bisectors, part (a) could be a quick exercise in geometric constructions,. Alternatively, this could be part of a full introduction to angle bisectors, culminating in a full proof that the three angle bisectors are concurrent, an essentially complete proof of which is found in the solution below.
• Module 7: Congruence, Construction & Proof - Student Edition (Math 1)
  The Mathematics Vision Project, Secondary Math One Module 7, Congruence, Construction, and Proof, begins by developing constructions as another tool to be used to reason about figures and to justify properties of shapes. Individual constructions are not taught for the sake of memorizing a series of steps, but rather to reason using known properties of shapes such as circles.
• Module 7: Congruence, Construction & Proof - Teacher Notes (Math 1)
  The Mathematics Vision Project, Secondary Math One Module 7 Teacher Notes, Congruence, Construction, and Proof, begins by developing constructions as another tool to be used to reason about figures and to justify properties of shapes. Individual constructions are not taught for the sake of memorizing a series of steps, but rather to reason using known properties of shapes such as circles.
• Origami equilateral triangle
  The purpose of this task is to explore reflections in the context of paper folding.
• Origami regular octagon
  The goal of this task is to study the geometry of reflections in the context of paper folding.
• Patterns in Fractals
  In this lesson students will be introduced to patterns, the terminology used in patterns, and practice finding patterns in the observable process of fractal generation.
• Placing a Fire Hydrant
  This task can be implemented in a variety of ways. For a class with previous exposure to properties of perpendicular bisectors, part (a) could be a quick exercise in geometric constructions, and an application of the result. Alternatively, this could be part of an introduction to perpendicular bisectors, culminating in a full proof that the three perpendicular bisectors are concurrent at the circumcenter of the triangle.

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http://www.uen.org - in partnership with Utah State Board of Education (USBE) and Utah System of Higher Education (USHE).  Send questions or comments to USBE Specialist - Lindsey  Henderson and see the Mathematics - Secondary website. For general questions about Utah's Core Standards contact the Director - Jennifer  Throndsen.

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