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Core Standards of the Course
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the characteristics and scope of technology.
Objective
The nature and development of technological knowledge and processes are functions of the setting.
Objective
The rate of technological development and diffusion is increasing rapidly.
Objective
Inventions and innovations are the results of specific, goal-directed research.
Objective
Most developments of technologies these days is driven by the profit motive and the market.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of technology.
Objective
Systems thinking applies logic and creativity with appropriate compromises in complex real-life problems.
Objective
Systems, which are the building blocks of technology, are embedded within larger technological, social, and environmental systems.
Objective
The stability of a technological system is influenced by all of the components in the system, especially those in the feedback loop.
Objective
Selecting resources involves tradeoffs between competing values, such as availability, cost, desirability, and waste.
Objective
Requirements involve the identification of the criteria and constraints of a product or system and the determination of how they affect the final design and development.
Objective
Optimization is an ongoing process or methodology of designing or making a product and is dependent on criteria and constraints.
Objective
New technologies create new processes.
Objective
Quality control is a planned process to ensure that a product, service, or system meets established criteria.
Objective
Management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling work.
Objective
Complex systems have many layers of controls and feedback loops to provide information.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the relationships among technologies and the connections between technology and other fields of study.
Objective
Technology transfer occurs when a new user applies an existing innovation developed for one purpose in a different function.
Objective
Technological innovation often results when ideas, knowledge, or skills are shared within a technology, among technologies, or across other fields.
Objective
Technological ideas are sometimes protected through the process of patenting.
Objective
Technological progress promotes the advancement of science and mathematics.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the cultural, social, economic, and political effects of technology.
Objective
Changes caused by the use of technology can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious.
Objective
Making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.
Objective
Ethical considerations are important in the development, selection, and use of technologies.
Objective
The transfer of a technology from one society to another can cause cultural, social, economic, and political changes affecting both societies to varying degrees.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the effects of technology on the environment.
Objective
Humans can devise technologies to conserve water, soil, and energy through such techniques as reusing, reducing, and recycling.
Objective
When new technologies are developed to reduce the use of resources, considerations of trade-offs are important.
Objective
With the aid of technology, various aspects of the environment can be monitored to provide information for decision-making.
Objective
The alignment of technological processes with natural processes maximizes performance and reduces negative impacts on the environment.
Objective
Humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the role of society in the development and use of technology.
Objective
Different cultures develop their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs, wants, and values.
Objective
The decision whether to develop a technology is influenced by societal opinions and demands, in addition to corporate cultures.
Objective
A number of different factors, such as advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company, and the latest fads contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the influence of technology on history.
Objective
Most technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.
Objective
The evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.
Objective
Throughout history, technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.
Objective
Early in the history of technology, the development of many tools and machines was based not on scientific knowledge but on technological know-how.
Objective
The Iron Age was defined by the use of iron and steel as the primary material for tools.
Objective
The Middle Ages saw the development of many technological devices that produced long-lasting effects on technology and society.
Objective
The Renaissance, a time of rebirth of the arts and humanities was also an important development in the history of technology.
Objective
The Industrial Revolution saw the development of continuous manufacturing, sophisticated transportation and communication systems, advanced construction practices, and improved education and leisure time.
Objective
The Information Age places emphasis on the processing and exchange of information.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the attributes of design.
Objective
The design process includes defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specification, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.
Objective
Design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form.
Objective
The design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved.
Objective
Requirements of a design, such as criteria, constraints, and efficiency, sometimes compete with each other.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.
Objective
Established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.
Objective
Engineering design is influenced by personal characteristic, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.
Objective
A prototype is a working model used to test a design concept by making actual observation and necessary adjustments.
Objective
The process of engineering design takes into account and number of factors.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting, research and development, invention and innovation, and experimentation in problem solving.
Objective
Research and development is a specific problem-solving approach that is used intensively in business and industry to prepare devices and systems for the marketplace.
Objective
Technological problems must be researched before they can be solved.
Objective
Not all problems are technological, and not every problem can be solved using technology.
Objective
Many technological problems require a multidisciplinary approach.
Standard
Students will develop the abilities to apply the design process.
Objective
Identify the design problem to solve and decide whether or not to address it.
Objective
Identify criteria and constraints and determine how these will affect the design process.
Objective
Refined a design by using prototypes and modeling to ensure quality, efficiency, and productivity of the final product.
Objective
Evaluate the design solution using conceptual, physical, and mathematical models at various intervals of the design process in order to check for proper design and to note areas where improvements are needed.
Objective
Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.
Objective
Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.
Standard
Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.
Objective
Document processes and procedures and communicate them to different audiences using appropriate oral and written techniques.
Objective
Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair it.
Objective
Troubleshoot, analyze, and maintain systems to ensure safe and proper function and precision.
Objective
Operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed.
Objective
Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate.
Standard
Students will develop the abilities to assess the impact of products and systems.
Objective
Collect information and evaluate its quality.
Synthesize data, analyze trends, and draw conclusions regarding the effect society, and the environment.
Objective
Use assessment techniques, such as trend analysis and experimentation to make decisions about the future development of technology.
Objective
Design forecasting techniques to evaluate the results of altering natural systems.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use medical technologies.
Objective
Medical technologies include prevention and rehabilitation, vaccines and pharmaceuticals, medical and surgical procedures, genetic engineering, and the systems within which health is protected and maintained.
Objective
Telemedicine reflects the convergence of technological, advances in a number of fields, including medicine, telecommunication, virtual presence, computer engineering, informatics, artificial intelligence, robotics, materials science, and perceptual psychology.
Objective
The sciences of biochemistry and molecular biology have made it possible to manipulate the genetic information found in living creatures.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use agricultural and related biotechnologies.
Objective
Agriculture includes a combination of businesses that use a wide array of products and systems to produce, process, and distribute food, fiber, fuel, chemical, and other useful products.
Objective
Biotechnology has application in such areas as agriculture, pharmaceutical, food and beverages, medicine, energy, the environment, and genetic engineering.
Objective
Conservation is the process of controlling soil erosion, reducing sediment in waterways, conserving water, and improving water quality.
Objective
The engineering design and management of agricultural systems require knowledge of artificial ecosystems and the effects of technological development on flora and fauna.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use energy and power technologies.
Objective
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; however, it can be converted from one form to another.
Objective
Energy can be grouped into major forms: thermal, radiant, electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, and others.
Objective
It is impossible to build an engine to perform work that does not exhaust thermal energy to the surroundings.
Objective
Energy resources can be renewable or nonrenewable.
Objective
Power systems must have a source of energy, a process, and loads.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.
Objective
Information and communication technologies include the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information.
Objective
Information and communication systems allow information to be transferred from human to human, human to machine to human, and machine to machine.
Objective
Information and communication systems can be used to inform, persuade, entertain, control, manage, and educate.
Objective
Communication systems are made up of source, encoder, transmitter, receiver, decoder, storage, retrieval, and destination.
Objective
There are many ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.
Objective
Technological knowledge and processes are communicated using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use transportation technologies.
Objective
Transportation plays a vital role in the operation of other technologies, such as manufacturing, construction, communication, health and safety, and agriculture.
Objective
Intermodalism is the use of different modes of transportation, such as highways, railways, and waterways as part of an interconnected system that can move people and goods easily form one mode to another.
Objective
Transportation services and methods have led to a population that is regularly on the move.
Objective
The design of intelligent and non-intelligent transportation systems depends on many processes and innovative techniques.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.
Objective
Servicing keeps products in good operating condition.
Materials have different qualities and may be classified as natural, synthetic, or mixed.
Objective
Durable goods are designed to operate for a long period of time, while non-durable goods are designed to operate for a short period of time.
Objective
Manufacturing systems may be classified into types, such as customized production, batch production, and continuous production.
Objective
The interchangeability of parts increases the effectiveness of manufacturing processes.
Objective
Chemical technologies provide a means for humans to alter or modify materials and to produce chemical products.
Objective
Marketing involves establishing a product’s identity, conducting research on its potential, advertising it, distributing it, and selling it.
Standard
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use construction technologies.
Objective
Infrastructure is the underlying base or basic framework of a system.
Objective
Structures are constructed using a variety of processes and procedures.
Objective
The design of structures includes a number of requirements.
Objective
Structures require maintenance, alteration, or renovation periodically to improve them or to alter their intended use.
Objective
Structures can include prefabricated materials.
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