Strand: OPERATIONS AND ALGEBRAIC THINKING (3.OA)
Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division within 100 (Standards 3.OA.1-4 and Standard 3.OA.7). They demonstrate understanding of the properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division (Standards 3.OA.5-6). Students use the four operations to identify and explain patterns in arithmetic (Standards 3.OA.8-9).Standard 3.OA.5
Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide. For example: If 6 x 4 = 24 is known, then 4 x 6 = 24 is also known (commutative property of multiplication). 3 x 5 x 2 can be found by 3 x 5 = 15, then 15 x 2 = 30, or by 5 x 2 = 10, then 3 x 10 = 30 (associative property of multiplication). Knowing that 8 x 5 = 40 and 8 x 2 = 16, one can find 8 x 7 as 8 x (5 + 2) = (8 x 5) + (8 x 2) = 40 + 16 = 56 (distributive property). (Third grade students may, but need not, use formal terms for these properties.)