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10: Nutrition Education - Calcium
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Summary: Background For Teachers: Instructional Procedures: See preface material including clip art, songs, and other resources. INTRODUCTION: As part of this introduction, refer to the pyramid, using the stop signs to differentiate which foods are the most healthy. Gather a variety of food pictures or use the food models, including foods from each of the food groups. Make certain that there are several pictures of foods from the Milk Group. Some of the pictures should be milk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream, pudding, cottage cheese, and frozen yogurt. Display the pictures randomly on a large board. Ask the students if they can name the foods on the board that come from the Milk, Yogurt and Cheese Group. Explain that these foods are all made from milk. As the foods are named, take the picture and place it in a separate place on the board. Put the title "Milk, Yogurt, and Cheese Group" above these foods. Explain that these foods are placed in a group together because they all are an excellent source of a mineral called calcium. Children who are growing need calcium to build their bones and to help their teeth develop properly. Teenagers and adults also need calcium so that their bones and teeth stay strong. People who do not get enough calcium can develop diseases that make their bones weak. This prevents them from standing up straight and allows their bones to break easily. Show and discuss the milk comparison charts. CALCIUM RICH FOODS: Explain to students that calcium is found in foods other than the dairy group. However, very large quantities of these foods would have to be eaten to provide the same calcium content as milk. The comparison cards visually illustrate this concept. Some foods you may want to review with the students are found on the transparency "Calcium Rich Foods, 10- 2". Discuss these foods using the comparison cards. Do the children enjoy these foods? Have they ever tasted them? What would be their choices for calcium rich foods? To further help the students understand the calcium content in milk products, show them the "Calcium Equivalents, 10-2". Each of these pictures illustrate how much of the food would have to be eaten to get the equivalent of the calcium found in a glass of milk. OBJECT LESSON: Obtain an actual bone (obtained from a butcher) that is cut in half so that the inside of the bone is exposed. Show the students how the bone has developed into a thick hard ring on the outside, but has a soft substance called marrow on the inside. Explain that when we get enough calcium, our bones are thick and strong. We need to have strong bones to carry the stress placed on them by the weight of our bodies. DENTIST: Invite a dentist or dental assistant to come to class to talk about the role calcium plays in the development and formation of strong teeth. Ask him/her to bring models of teeth to show the children. Let the children ask questions they have thought of prior to the visit. RIDDLES: Wash out an empty half-gallon milk carton. Mount the milk riddles (10-5) on card stock and place them in the milk carton. Divide the class into two teams. Let the children select the riddles from the milk carton and solve them.
What is a milk product with no water in it? DRY OR POWDERED MILK What is frozen milk product with sugar added? ICE CREAM What is a milk product with 60 of the water removed? EVAPORATED MILK What is a milk product with 60 of the water removed and sugar added? SWEETENED CONDENSED MILK What is a milk product with 2 milk fat? LOW FAT MILK What is a milk product with 3.25 milk fat? WHOLE MILK What is a milk product that is sometimes beaten? CREAM, BUTTER, BUTTERMILK What is a milk product with an unusual name and sometimes has fruit added to it? YOGURT What is a milk product that comes in small and large curd? COTTAGE CHEESE What is a milk product that has had a culture added? BUTTERMILK, SOUR CREAM, YOGURT, COTTAGE CHEESE What do you get by mixing milk and chocolate? CHOCOLATE MILK What comes in lots of flavors and is eaten with a spoon? ICE CREAM What is a kind of cream, but the name sounds spoiled? SOUR CREAM What is a typical Christmas drink? EGGNOG What is lumpy, bumpy, white, and you eat it with a spoon? COTTAGE CHEESE VISIT DAIRY: Arrange to visit a local dairy. Have the children write letters about what was learned and send them as a "Thank You" to the dairy farmer. CAUTION: Please do not have the children taste the raw milk from the dairy. If you wish, you may arrange to take cartons of milk from the lunch room to be enjoyed at the end of the tour. STORY: Ask the librarian to visit the classroom and read a book about dairy farming. Another interesting story would be a child's version of the life of Louis Pasteur. MAKE ICE CREAM: Arrange with a parent volunteer to help the class make ice cream. Talk about the ingredients that have calcium (cream and milk, or yogurt). Talk about the changes that take place as the mixture is turned to ice cream. The ice cream begins as a liquid, then as it gets colder, it begins to freeze. Salt is placed on the ice to lower the temperature and make the ice cream freeze more quickly. Finally the slushy mixture continues to freeze until ice cream is formed. (An easier option is to blend 1/2 frozen banana with 1/2 cup milk for a banana milkshake.) WHAT' MISSING? Play "What's Missing?" with the students. Prior to class, fill brown bags with pictures of foods. As a child is called to participate, invite him/her to take the pictures from the sack and lay them on the table. He/she is to look at the pictures, name the food groups represented, and decide which group or groups are missing. He/she must name the missing group. Repeat with each sack. TOUR: Have the students tour the dairy section in a local grocery store. Give them an assignment to complete while at the store, such as: find a new dairy product they nave not seen before, identify how many different types of milk or yogurt there are, etc. Discuss the tour when you return to class. SNACK: Serve a healthy snack from the Milk, Cheese, and Yogurt Group. Some suggestions are cheese cubes, ice cream cones, chocolate or strawberry milk, cottage cheese dip with crackers, fruit flavored yogurt, or a blender yogurt shake.
EVALUATION: Assign the students to write about the foods they enjoy that contain calcium. They should also illustrate the foods they have written about. Remind them that they need three servings per day for a healthy diet. Use the papers for posters, then have the children take their papers home to show their parents.
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