Sci-ber Text - 8th Grade

Changing Matter - You Be the Engineer!

Science progresses by discovery of new principles of nature or new applications of things already known.

From the wheel to the computer, people throughout history have been inventing and discovering equipment, tools, and ingredients to help our lives progress. We want to go further into space, deeper into the ocean. We want to drill through Earth’s crust and have softer couches and faster cars. How do all these new toys and upgrades come about? Some come from scientists and specialists. But some are discovered by people like you.

A very important aspect of science is doing literature research, that means reading everything known about a topic before you design and develop your own experiments. Finding out who has already made important discoveries and learning how that can help your understanding of the topic you are interested in.

Background Information
In this activity you need to choose an engineering problem and design a product that would be beneficial and show your research in presentation. You may choose to create a multimedia presentation, a video presentation, a Web site, or a written report.

Your presentation or report should include the following items:

Introduction
Main topic with supporting details
Summary
Supporting information
References such as, author, publisher, Web site, book, magazine, year, page number, and other such relevant information.

You might consider starting your research at The Inventors Hall of Fame.

To be an engineer choose one of these following scenarios:

Step one: Choose a Scenario

Scenario One:

Create and draw the design for a backpack that is strong enough to hold a large load for a long period of time but is light enough that it won’t tire a person during a long backpacking trip.

Be sure to list and give details on the characteristics (chemical and physical) of the materials you choose and why they are important to the product. Your materials may currently be available - or they may be something that you design or invent.

Scenario Two:

Create and draw the design for a handle on a set of cooking pots and pans that will not burn your hand when you are touching the handle while the pan is over the heat.

Be sure to give details on the characteristics (chemical and physical) of the materials you choose and why they are important to the product.

Scenario Three:

Determine the ingredients with proper characteristics for a type of paint that would work to keep iron, steel and other metals from rusting (oxidizing).

Be sure to give details on the characteristics (chemical and physical) of the materials (e.g., hydrophobic, insoluble) you choose and why they are important to the product.

Hint: It might be helpful to determine the types of characteristics your object will require and then search for substances and materials that have those characteristics and choose the most likely possibilities.

Step Two: determine how you are going to organize and present your information in the presentation. Make the order interesting for others to learn about the scenario you have chosen.

Step Three: gather information and begin preparing the presentation. You might use the library, internet, texts, magazines, etc. to find information about your subject.

Step Four: determine how you are going to solve the scenario.

Step Five: share your presentation with peers and ask them to evaluate your work. The evaluation should include the following:

Did you provide a possible answer for the scenario?
Did your presentation include the names, chemical and physical properties, and the purpose for each material used?