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Summary:
This activity introduces children to sampling with replacement as a way to predict how many of each color are in a bag of color tiles.
Main Curriculum Tie:
Mathematics - 5th Grade
Standard 5 Objective 2
Apply basic concepts of probability. Materials:
Additional Resources
Math by All Means: Probability Grades 3-4 by Marilyn Burns
About Teaching Mathematics: A K-8 Resource, 2nd Edition by Marilyn
Burns
Background For Teachers:
This activity engages
children in taking samples and analyzing data, and provides them with opportunities
to think proportionally. Students discuss and define words such as certain,
impossible, likely, unlikely, 50/50 chance, etc.
Intended Learning Outcomes:
1. Demonstrate a positive learning attitude toward mathematics.
3. Reason mathematically. Instructional Procedures:
Invitation to Learn
Show students a paper bag and tell them you have placed color tiles in the bag.
(Put 12 tiles of the same color in the bag, for example: 12 yellow tiles). Walk
around the room letting children look into the bag. After everyone has had a
chance to see inside the bag, tell students you are going to shake the bag up,
and without looking inside you will put your hand into the bag and take out
one tile. Ask students to predict what color of tile they think you will pull
from the bag. You should hear a chorus of YELLOW. Hold a discussion about why
it would be yellow. Ask students how likely it would be that you would draw
a yellow tile from the bag. Students might respond by saying it is very likely,
extremely likely, highly likely, etc. If students do not say the word CERTAIN,
add that to the discussion. Tell students there is a numerical way to write
the chance of pulling a yellow tile from the bag; write 12 out of 12. Then write
12/12 and say “12 out of 12.” Then write 12:12 and say “12
to 12.”
Instructional Procedures
- Write the words “Certain” and “Impossible” on the
board, each on one end of a vertical line. Do not write very likely, likely,
50/50 chance, etc. Discuss these words and let students tell you where to
place them on the line.
- Ask a student to help you place an X on the line between “Certain”
and “Impossible” that would display the chance of pulling
a yellow tile from the bag.
- Now take one yellow tile out and put in one red tile. Again walk around
the room letting students look into the bag. Again ask students to predict
what color of tile they think you will pull from the bag if you were to
shake it up and randomly draw one tile.
- Ask students if they can tell you the numerical way to write the chance
of pulling a red tile from the bag (1out of 12; 1/12; 1out of 12, etc.)
Write these on the board as students dictate them.
- Fill in the chart by adding the words likely and unlikely, 50/50 chance
and then very likely and very unlikely, discussing with students the placement
of each phrase.
- Continue changing the make-up of tiles in the bag. Start by adding one
or two of another color and taking out one or two of the original color. For
now, only use two colors. Keep the discussion on the number of tiles and the
number of each color. Each time you take a tile, write the numerical display
in several ways on the board, saying it out loud.
- Now put 12 tiles in a bag (example: 8 red and 4 yellow). Tell students you
have 12 tiles of two different colors. Explain that you are going to pull
one tile at a time from the bag without looking inside. Write a T-chart on
the board with RED and YELLOW for the headings. Put a tally mark under the
color you drew out. Have students take turns pulling out one tile at a time
and replacing it back into the bag. Explain to students you are conducting
a “sampling with replacement” experiment. Each time, record what
color was taken from the bag. After 12 times, ask students if they can predict
how many of what color tiles are in the bag. Students should be able to predict
different combinations that add up to 12 (11 red, 1 yellow; 10 red, 2 yellow,
etc.) Have students write their prediction on paper. Continue to draw 12 more
tiles, one at a time, from the bag recording the color of tile on the T-chart.
Again ask students to predict how many of what color tiles are in the bag.
Explain to them that they now have more information than they did after just
12 draws to help them formulate their prediction. Again have students write
their new prediction under their first prediction. Draw 12 more tiles, recording
them on the board in the T-chart. Lead a discussion about what tiles students
think are in the bag now. Have their predictions changed from the first one?
Why? Remind students you are conducting an experiment by “sampling with
replacement.” Have students write a prediction of the contents in the
bag by completing the sentence: I think there are ____ yellow tiles and _____
red tiles in the bag because. . .
Curriculum Integration
Math/Science—Read Probably Pistachio by Stuart Murphy. This is the story
of Jack a young boy who thinks nothing is going his way. Will he get what he
wants in his lunch? Probably not! This story centers on probability and Jack’s
chances of things going his way.
Attachments
Extensions:
Possible Extensions/Adaptations
Pair up students. Have each pair put 12 tiles of two different colors into a
bag, discussing their choices. Have partners trade their bag with another pair.
Partners conduct an experiment by sampling with replacement. After 12 draws,
have students record their predictions of how many of each color tile are in
the bag. Students then draw 12 more
times, making another prediction and explaining their thinking in a paragraph.
Finally, have students dump the contents of the bag to reveal the correct combination
of color tiles.
Homework & Family Connections
Have students conduct an experiment at home similar to the one done in class.
Students gather two different items to put in a paper bag in varying quantities.
For example: 4 matchbox cars and 3 fingerboards (toy skateboards). Next, students
can sit with a family member and assist them in randomly selecting one item
at a time from the bag (without looking at the contents). The student explains
how to record their choice on a T-chart. The student (or family member) continues
selecting items from the bag, recording it on their chart, and then replacing
it. Instruct students to select items and replace them at least 12 times. Students
then ask their family member to predict the contents of the bag after considering
the results on their T-chart. This activity has many possibilities for length
(number of draws from the bag) and options for selecting items to go into the
bag. After the family member has completed the activity, ask them to write a
short paragraph explaining their thoughts or feelings. Students can share responses
with class the following day.
Assessment Plan:
Students should keep a log of what happened in their experiment. They can
use the T-chart or construct their own way of displaying the information they
gathered. After they have completed the assigned number of pulls from the bag
and recorded their results, ask students to discuss these questions with their
partner.
- How likely is it to pull a yellow tile from the bag when there are 12 yellow
and 0 red?
- How likely is it to pull a yellow tile from the bag when there are 11 yellow
and 1 red?
- How likely is it to pull a yellow tile from the bag when there are 10 yellow
and 2 red?
- How likely is it to pull a yellow tile from the bag when there are 2 yellow
and 10 red?
- How likely is it to pull a yellow tile from the bag when there are 1 yellow
and 11 red?
- How likely is it to pull a yellow tile from the bag when there are 3 yellow
and 9 red?
- How likely is it to pull a yellow tile from the bag when there are 7 yellow
and 5 red?
Ask students to write their explanation to the following questions and be
prepared to share their responses in a class discussion:
- What words or numerical display on the chart describe the chance of pulling
a yellow tile from the bag when there are 12 yellow tiles and 0 red tiles?
Explain how you know this.
- What words or numerical display describe the chance of pulling a yellow
tile from the bag when there are 6 yellow and 6 red tiles? Explain your answer.
Author:
Utah LessonPlans
Created Date :
Sep 03 2003 16:40 PM
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