Summary
The purpose of this activity is to provide students with a hands-on experience of seeing how the processes of condensation and evaporation occur.
Materials
- Pint-size canning jar
with lid
- Ice
- Hair dryer
- Food coloring
- Vanilla extract
- Spoon
- Small bowl
- Thermometer
- Water
- Magnifying glass
- Journal
- White napkins
- Crayons
Additional Resources
Books
- The Search for the Water Cycle, available through the Living Planet
Aquarium, 522 S. 400 W. Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT 84101,
801-320-9951.
- The Comprehensive Water Education Book (1994 edition) and
additional experiments and information on water is available
through Utah State University in Logan, Utah 84322 or
1-800-922-4693.
Background for Teachers
Water is made up of molecules that are always moving. It can be
found in different states: solid, liquid, or gas. Adding or taking away
heat causes the molecules to speed up or slow down.
Condensation is when water changes from a gas to a liquid. The
opposite of this is evaporation. Evaporation is when water changes from
a liquid to a gas. When water is in the state of a gas it is called water
vapor. We cannot see it because the molecules are too far apart. As the
molecules collect together during condensation, we can see evidence that
this process takes place.
A common misconception is that when we see water droplets on the
grass early in the morning, that we are seeing condensation. What we are
really seeing is the result of condensation called dew. Dew is made up of
small drops of water that form from the night air and collect on the
ground or another surface. The dew point is the temperature at which
condensation occurs.
Temperature, humidity, and wind are factors that cause these
processes to occur.
Increasing the amount of thermal energy causes water to change
states from a solid to a liquid and from a liquid to a gas. At sea level,
water heated to 100° C (212° F) boils. Water freezes at 0° C (32° F). In
Utah, water boils at about 96° C. This is why it takes longer to cook food
at higher elevations.
Intended Learning Outcomes
3. Understand Science Concepts and Principles
4. Communicate Effectively Using Science Language and Reasoning
Instructional Procedures
Invitation to Learn
Have you ever gotten out of the shower and tried to look in the mirror
to comb your hair and the mirror was all covered with water? You
probably rubbed off the water with your hand or a towel so that you
could see yourself, but did you ever wonder how it happened?
Instructional Procedures
- Discuss evaporation and condensation.
Have students give examples of the processes of evaporation and
condensation that they may have seen (e.g., water boiling, rain
puddles shrinking, water vapor from our breath condensing on the
windows, looking like clouds of smoke on a cold winter day,
etc.).
Discuss how heat is involved in these processes. For example, if
you heat water to 100° C (at sea level), it turns into water vapor.
As it cools, the molecules slow down and return to a liquid state.
Remind students that the sun is the main source of heat that
causes these processes to occur.
- Have students sit in groups of three or four and take turns
completing the steps in the activity.
- Have one student pour a half-spoonful of vanilla into a small
bowl and place it in the center of the group. Instruct the group to
lean their heads over the bowl and see if they can smell the
vanilla.
- Have an inquiry session. Ask them how it was possible for them
to smell the scent of the liquid vanilla? (The molecules float
through the air into our nose.)
Compare how the vanilla evaporates and the molecules travel
through the air in the same way that water vapor does.
Ask: What would happen if heat and wind were applied to the
vanilla?
The teacher can demonstrate using a hair dryer to provide heat
and wind, making the vanilla evaporate quickly.
Compare this process to the way the sun creates heat and wind to
causing water to evaporate.
***This is a good point to explain how to measure with a
thermometer and record data in a journal.
- Give each group an empty jar and tell them to measure and record
the temperature inside of it.
Ask each group to fill the jar half-full of cold water. Then
measure and record the temperature again.
Next, add ice until the jar is almost full. Have students measure
and record the temperature one more time. Add food coloring or
punch powder.
Option: To help students see how water molecules are always
moving, add food coloring one drop at a time. Add the drops
in this order: red, blue, yellow. Watch each drop spread out
into the water before adding one drop of the next color.
Ask someone to screw the lid onto the jar to prevent the water
inside from escaping.
- Ask each student to illustrate the experiment in his/her journal.
Then take turns using a magnifying glass to see if there is any
water forming on the outside surface of the closed jar. Explain
that the temperature of the water inside when the first droplets
appear is the dew point, or the temperature at which condensation
has occurred. Also discuss where the water came from and what
this process is called (condensation). Students can blow softly
toward the jar to help provide water vapor. The results will vary
depending on the humidity in the classroom.
***This is a good point to discuss the misconception of condensation.
We don’t see condensation on the jar. What we see are droplets
of water. Condensation is the process that caused the water to
appear.
Have students draw a second picture of the jar, showing droplets
of water on it.
- Demonstrate how a hair dryer can be used to blow hot air on the
outside of the jar until the water disappears. Discuss where the
water went and what this process is called (evaporation).
- Have the students draw a third picture of the jar with the droplets
missing. Include the hair dryer or the sun as the source of heat.
Include labels for all of the objects in the pictures (e.g., jar, water,
ice, droplets, hair dryer or the sun).
Extensions
- See if breathing slowly on the jar causes droplets to appear faster.
- Check to see if the water on the outside of the jar is the same
color as the colored water in the jar. Use a napkin to wipe off the
outside of the jar, then unscrew the lid and carefully dip another
napkin into the colored water. Compare the color of the napkins.
- Try adding some drops of perfume to a spoonful of water instead
of using vanilla.
- Students with special needs can be paired with a partner who can
help with the drawings and following the directions.
Family Connections
- Take an early morning walk through a grassy park or field.
Observe how the dew has formed on the grass and how it gets
your shoes wet.
- Try using a hair dryer on the mirror in the bathroom after taking a
steamy shower to see if you can make the water evaporate.
- Discuss with your family why you can "see your breath" when
you exhale on a cold winter day.
- Students may display their experiments at a school science fair.
Assessment Plan
- The drawing learners complete during the experiment may be
assessed.
- Students may describe or draw what they learned in a science
journal.
Created: 10/14/2004
Updated: 05/25/2022
33793