Medical Anatomy and Physiology
Course Introduction
Core Standards of the Course
Strand 1
Body Plan and Organization-Students will explore and describe the body plan, organization, and homeostasis.
Standard 1
Contrast the sciences of anatomy with physiolog
Standard 2
Describe the six levels of structural organization of the human body and give an example of each level.
Standard 3
Describe the following:
Standard 4
Apply directional terms used in human anatomy.
Standard 5
Apply commonly used planes to divide the body.
Standard 6
Identify the body cavities and locate the following organs within each cavity.
Standard 7
Identify the major organ(s) in each abdominal quadrant.
Standard 8
Examine the relationship between homeostasis and stress.
Standard 9
Differentiate between negative and positive mechanisms. Give examples of each.
Strand 2
Basic Principles of Body Chemistry-Students will explain basic principles of body chemistry.
Standard 1
Review the following terms and concepts.
Standard 2
Identify the four major elements in the body.
Standard 3
Differentiate between:
Standard 4
Differentiate between:
Standard 5
Describe the characteristics of bonds. (no longer place any emphasis on which is the strongest type)
Standard 7
Categorize the following based on the pH of a solution:
Standard 8
Distinguish between "neutral" pH and the "average" pH range of the blood.
Standard 9
Describe the properties of water and how it is utilized in the human body.
Standard 10
Distinguish between:
Standard 11
Describe the structures and functions of the following and give an example of each:
Standard 12
Describe how the body produces energy during cellular respiration.
Strand 3
Cells-Students will describe basic concepts of structures and functions of cells.
Standard 1
Identify the four principle parts of a generalized animal cell and their functions.
Standard 2
Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Standard 3
Describe a selectively permeable membrane and factors which influence permeability.
Standard 4
Contrast intracellular and extracellular fluid in terms of location and composition.
Standard 5
Describe each of the following cellular transport processes and classify them as active or passive.
Standard 6
Review the osmotic effects that occur when a cell is placed in the following:
Standard 7
Describe the function of the following structures within the cell.
Standard 8
Compare and contrast:
Strand 4
Histology & Integumentary System-Students will describe basic concepts of structures and functions of histology, and the integumentary system.
Standard 1
Identify the general characteristics and functions of each of the four principle types of tissues.
Standard 2
Contrast the following:
Standard 3
Differentiate between the four basic types of membranes.
Standard 4
Describe the structures and functions of the integumentary system components.
Standard 5
Describe the major layers of skin.
Standard 6
Describe the functions of the following:
Standard 7
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the integumentary system.
Strand 5
Skeletal System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the skeletal system and its components.
Standard 1
Identify the general functions of the skeletal system.
Standard 2
Identify the roles of the following in bone growth and ossification:
Standard 3
Describe the features of a long bone.
Standard 4
Identify the four shapes of bones with characteristics and examples of each.
Standard 5
Describe and locate the following bone markings.
Standard 6
Describe and differentiate between the following terms:
Standard 7
Contrast the axial and appendicular skeletons.
Standard 8
Locate the following bones.
Standard 9
Contrast the average number, location, and function of each of the five groups of vertebrae.
Standard 10
Explain the structural and functional classifications of articulations.
Standard 11
Differentiate between ligaments and tendons.
Standard 12
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the skeletal system.
Strand 6
Muscular System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the muscular system and its components.
Standard 1
Identify the general functions of the muscular system.
Standard 2
Describe the four characteristics of muscle tissue.
Standard 3
Contrast the general location, microscopic appearance, control, and functions of the three specific types of muscle tissue.
Standard 4
Contrast thick and thin myofilaments.
Standard 5
Describe the sliding-filament theory of muscle contraction.
Standard 6
Describe what occurs at the neuromuscular junction.
Standard 7
Define the following terms:
Standard 8
Explain the role of the following:
Standard 9
Describe the locations and functions of the following skeletal muscles:
Standard 10
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the muscular system.
Strand 7
Nervous System/Special Senses-Students will describe the structures and functions of the nervous system and special senses.
Standard 1
Restate the three broad functions of the nervous system.
Standard 2
Describe the general organization of the nervous system.
Standard 3
List the functions and structures of neurons and neuroglial cells.
Standard 4
Contrast white and gray matter of nervous tissue.
Standard 5
Describe the location and function of CSF.
Standard 6
Identify the structures responsible for the maintenance and protection of the central nervous system.
Standard 7
Identify the four principle parts of the brain.
Standard 8
Describe the functions of the three structures of the brain stem.
Standard 9
Describe the structures and functions of the diencephalon.
Standard 10
Describe the locations and functions of the four lobes of the cerebrum.
Standard 11
Explain the major functions of the cerebellum.
Standard 12
Sequence the major events when the nerve impulse (action potential) is initiated and transmitted through a neuron.
Standard 13
Explain the role of each of the components of a reflex arc.
Standard 14
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
Standard 15
Describe the principle anatomical structures of the eye.
Standard 16
Describe the principle anatomical structures of the ear.
Standard 17
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with special senses.
Strand 8
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the endocrine system.
Standard 1
Identify the general functions of the endocrine system.
Standard 2
Describe a "hormone" and how it functions in the body.
Standard 3
Describe a "hormone" and how it functions in the body.
Standard 4
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the endocrine system.
Strand 9
Blood-Students will describe the components and functions associated with blood.
Standard 1
Identify the components of blood and their functions.
Standard 2
Describe erythrocytes, including the structure of hemoglobin.
Standard 3
Define leukocyte and list the two major groups with their cell types and their function.
Standard 4
Describe the process of hemostasis.
Standard 5
Contrast a thrombus and an embolus.
Standard 6
Identify the antigens found on the erythrocytes and the antibodies that determine the ABO blood types and the Rh factor.
Standard 7
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with the blood.
Strand 10
Lymphatic System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the lymphatic system.
Standard 1
Identify the components of the lymphatic system.
Standard 2
Describe how lymph is moved through the body.
Standard 3
Contrast antigens and antibodies.
Standard 4
Describe the general roles of T-cells and B-cells in the immune response.
Standard 5
Distinguish between active and passive immunity and natural vs. artificial acquisition of immunity.
Standard 6
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with the lymphatic system.
Strand 11
Cardiovascular System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the cardiovascular system.
Standard 1
List the general functions of the cardiovascular system.
Standard 2
Describe the layers of the heart.
Standard 3
Identify the chambers of the heart.
Standard 4
Locate the great blood vessels of the heart.
Standard 5
Identify the valves of the heart.
Standard 6
Trace blood flow through the heart.
Standard 7
Identify the components of the conduction system of the heart and trace the pathway.
Standard 8
Sequence the principle events of the cardiac cycle in terms of systole and diastole.
Standard 9
Define cardiac output and identify factors that influence it.
Standard 10
Contrast the structures and functions of arteries, capillaries, and veins.
Standard 11
Define pulse and identify the general location of arteries where pulse may be felt.
Standard 12
Describe blood pressure and how to measure it.
Standard 13
Contrast pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Standard 14
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Strand 12
Respiratory System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the respiratory system.
Standard 1
Identify the general functions of the respiratory system.
Standard 2
Sequence the organs of the respiratory system in the order in which air will pass through them from the exterior.
Standard 3
Identify the three regions of the pharynx.
Standard 4
Identify the following anatomical features of the larynx.
Standard 5
Identify the coverings of the lungs and the gross anatomical features of the lungs.
Standard 6
Identify the site at which gas exchange occurs in the lungs (alveoli).
Standard 7
Identify the volumes and capacities of air exchanged during ventilation.
Standard 8
Differentiate between the following.
Standard 9
Describe the effects of carbon dioxide on ventilation.
Standard 10
Identify the following diseases or disorders of the respiratory system.
Strand 13
Digestive System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the digestive system.
Standard 1
Identify the general functions of the digestive system.
Standard 2
Contrast chemical and mechanical digestion.
Standard 3
Differentiate between the following.
Standard 4
Describe the functions of saliva and salivary amylase in digestion.
Standard 5
Identify the following parts of a typical tooth.
Standard 6
Define the following.
Standard 7
Identify the anatomical features of the stomach.
Standard 8
Identify the basic components and functions of gastric juice.
Standard 9
Identify the location and digestive functions of the pancreas.
Standard 10
Describe the function of bile (emulsification).
Standard 11
Identify the three sections of the small intestine and describe the functions.
Standard 12
Identify the structures and sections of the large intestine and describe the functions.
Standard 13
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the digestive system.
Strand 14
Urinary System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the urinary system.
Standard 1
Identify the general functions of the urinary system.
Standard 2
Identify the four major organs of the urinary system.
Standard 3
Identify the gross anatomy of the kidney
Standard 4
Identify the microscopic structures of the nephron.
Standard 5
Describe the three basic physiological processes and the structures involved in urine formation.
Standard 6
Identify abnormal constituents of urine and possible causes of each.
Standard 7
Describe the methods of fluid intake and output.
Standard 8
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with the urinary system.
Strand 15
Reproductive System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the reproductive system.
Standard 1
Identify the general functions of the reproductive system.
Standard 2
Describe the anatomy of the male genitalia.
Standard 3
Identify the function of the testes.
Standard 4
Identify the functions of testosterone in the male.
Standard 5
Describe the anatomy of the female reproductive structures.
Standard 6
Identify the functions of the ovaries.
Standard 7
Identify the structures and functions of the uterine tubes, including fimbriae and infundibulum.
Standard 8
Describe the structures and function of the uterus.
Standard 9
Define the menstrual cycle including the ovarian and uterine cycles and changes that occur during menopause.
Standard 10
Describe the physiological effects of estrogens, progesterone and relaxin.
Standard 11
Contrast the general outcomes of spermatogenesis vs. oogenesis
Standard 12
Define the following sequence of events that occur during human development.
Standard 13
Identify the principle events associated with the three stages of labor.
Standard 14
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the reproductive system.
Performance Skills
Explore three careers in health care (Job shadow, speaker, Work based learning, etc.)
Performance Skills
Give an oral and/or written report for each Career Exploration experience.
Performance Skills
Select a topic and defend your position on a CURRENT Medical Dilemma. (Essay, Debate, Etc.)
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